TASK 1
You are going to read short texts. Choose the best answer
The Philippines decided to cancel their Mi-17 procurement deal signed last year by the former President, Rodrigo Duterte. Interestingly, back in March this year, the Filipino Secretary of Defence, Delfin Lorenzana, was assuring everybody that the agreement with the Russian Federation would not be terminated, as Manila wanted to remain neutral in the dispute arising around the Ukrainian conflict. The decision was made as the government in Manila was worried about the US economic sanctions hitting the Philippines within the framework of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act.
1. The Mi-17 agreement was cancelled because the Filipino government ...
South Korea’s government stressed on Wednesday it will make its own decisions on strengthening its defenses against North Korean threats. In this way, it rejected Chinese calls that it continue the policies of Seoul’s previous government that stopped adding more US anti-missile batteries that are strongly opposed by Beijing.
2. When it comes to its defence strategy, the South Korean government has decided to …
BP has spent more than £800,000 on social media influence ads in the UK this year. The ads champion the company’s investments in green energy. They also promote BP’s plan to “transition to net zero” by gradually reducing oil and gas production and investing more in renewable energy sources. “BP are presenting themselves as offering green solutions that are good for the UK, but these investments are close to nothing compared to how much money they’re funnelling into fossil fuels,” said Doug Parr, chief scientist for Greenpeace UK. “They’re doing this while making record profits and as millions of UK households are being pushed into fuel poverty.”
3. According to Doug Parr, BP …
Out in the West Pacific waters of US 7th Fleet, the Japan-based guided-missile destroyer Benfold has taken a novel approach to the problem of restoration. It will be performed by a specially created team of sailors devoted exclusively to busting rust and painting the ship six days a week. Officials say that the focus on Benfold’s restoration does not add to the crew’s workload, and that the restoration work essentially becomes a crew member’s full-time duty. Divisional leadership initially resisted having their sailors taken away for the restoration gig. However, well into its second year of existence, the concept has become accepted and popular among both leadership and off-ship support entities.
4. The idea of assigning sailors to the restoration of the ship …
Amazon has agreed to buy iRobot, the maker of the popular Roomba vacuum cleaner, in an all-cash deal valued at about $1.7 billion, including debt – the two companies announced on Friday. The deal, which is pending approval from shareholders and regulators, has the potential to expand Amazon's robotics lineup and deepen its presence in consumers' homes. Shares of iRobot rose nearly 20% in pre-market trading on Friday following the announcement.
5. It is predicted that the deal will lead to …
Forget about annual leave: take as much time off as you want. But “beware the siren call of unlimited vacation”, says the Financial Times: the evidence shows that when you offer people unlimited holidays, they actually take fewer days off, especially if they work in cut-throat environments where their jobs are on the line. The only ones that really benefit from unlimited leave policies are the companies themselves: they get to squeeze more work out of employees and can slash their payouts of accumulated holiday to departing staff. What a con.
6. Introducing unlimited time off …
Amherst College has decided to put an end to the widespread practice of giving special consideration to the children of rich alumni when deciding whom to admit. Ditching this outdated convention is expected to make the system marginally fairer. There is a downside, though. The consideration given to legacy families is one of the few remaining peculiarities that give colleges a distinct personality. Refusing alumni donors may also confer an undeserved new respect on admission processes that are, in other ways, arbitrary and easily gamed. Applicants are so well coached these days on exam and “strategic self-presentation” that colleges have to pick up from a mass of “basically identical” candidates.
7. In the author’s opinion, the new recruitment practice …
Taiwan’s Foreign Minister Wu spoke at a news conference in Taipei as Taiwan began live-fire military drills to test combat readiness in response to ongoing Chinese military exercises. China says its drills were prompted by the visit to the island last week by US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, but according to Wu China used her visit as a pretext. Wu said China aims to change the status quo and annex Taiwan: “the drills are a rehearsal for an invasion in which China seeks to prevent other countries from coming to the island’s assistance; they also show China’s geostrategic ambition beyond Taiwan.”
8. According to Mr Wu, the recent Chinese activity …
In response to the Wimbledon tournament’s decision to bar Russian and Belarusian players, the sport’s governing bodies have declared that this year’s event won’t qualify for ranking points. The result? Many big-name players may pull out. Britain’s desperate quest for a Wimbledon winner, aside the nationality of top tennis players, has never been a big deal; they represent themselves, not the country. So the idea that a Russian player’s victory would prove a “propaganda coup” for Putin is absurd.
9. The author …
Russia, the US and China are locked in a hypersonic race to develop advanced lethal strike capabilities. Russia and China both claim to have operational hypersonic weapons ready. This poses major concerns to the US, which must already contend with growing gaps in its missile defence capabilities and the erosion of its once uncontested military edge. General Milley noted that the US “has lost its technical advantage in hypersonics”. Yet, due to costly production, it’s unlikely that hypersonics will replace American artillery. It will be relegated to precision and strategic strikes against high-value targets.
10. According to General Milley, the US …
Think ordinary Russians are angry about the international sanctions targeting their countrymen’s yachts? Think again. Most Russians are actually delighted by the efforts of other countries to financially “disembowel the oligarchs”. Why? Because ordinary citizens are still traumatized by the economic chaos that the oligarchs helped unleash following the collapse of the Soviet Union. True, a minority of Russians used that period to acquire huge wealth, buying up state assets at knock-down prices. But for most, the 1990s were a time of woe. So those who recall that period “rejoice” at the sight of oligarchs getting their well-deserved punishment.
11. In the author’s opinion, average Russians …
On 31 March, Edinburgh Council voted to introduce a “nil-cap” policy on strip clubs in the city. Councillors decided to ban such venues in the city despite warnings from fellow councillors that they could face legal action over a decision which ‘would just drive activities underground’ forcing women to work in unregulated premises, where they may face a greater risk of violence. United Sex Workers are calling for legal challenges against strip club bans across the UK. This decision means that strippers lose their jobs, with no alternative venues available for them to find work.
12. The new “nil-cap” policy on strip clubs ...
I know many people say Europe must “keep in touch with the brightest minds in the world”, but when it comes to Chinese doctoral students, aren’t we being a little naïve, asks Sandra Petersmann. Many Chinese doctoral students head for Europe’s top-class research facilities. Germany alone hosts 60,000 Chinese researchers – some on German-funded scholarships. The majority may simply want to learn. But a significant number go on to use their expertise on behalf of China’s military. Given that the EU has cast China as a “systemic rival”, how does such collaboration make sense?
13. According to the author, the educational collaboration with China …
TASK 2
You are going to read a newspaper article. Choose the best answer
TRUMPED
America should count itself lucky that Donald Trump tried so hard to overturn the election of 2020. That is the biggest obstacle—though not an insurmountable one—standing between him and a return to power. Democratic leaders have long been saying that Mr Trump and his cult-like following threaten the republic, and they’re right. They have not acted accordingly. Through a mix of internal conflicts and mismanagement, the Democrats have failed to deal with two of the most burning problem areas—crime and illegal immigration—giving Trump a potent argument against them. Sheer bad luck might help excuse their failure to tackle the third issue—poor economic performance. Additionally, they threw in an amateurish execution of the withdrawal from Afghanistan. In a CNN poll 80% of Americans surveyed said things were going badly for the US; more than two-thirds felt President Biden had neglected the country’s most serious ills.

Even memories of how Mr Trump whipped up the attack on the Capitol might have faded, or been challenged and revised, were it not for the excellent work of the January 6th committee investigating the insurrection. The committee’s members have not only kept the political class, and much of the rest of the nation, from looking away from that day. They have rejected claims that the mob acted spontaneously, and that Mr Trump had no idea it would use violence to stop the certification of Mr Biden’s victory.

Consider a world without the committee: revisionists would be far freer to minimise Mr Trump’s role in rousing the mob and to idealize or invent memories of his accomplishments. Instead, the panel has been reminding the party’s leaders, operatives, donors and even some of the rank and file just how debilitating Mr Trump’s leadership was. True zealots still delight in rallying to Mr Trump, but Republican congressmen who were merely bullied are rediscovering how tiresome it is to defend him.

Other potential Republican candidates sense an opening. Ron DeSantis, Florida’s governor, has declined to say he will not run for president if Mr Trump does; he has been courting the Fox News audience and recently invited Republican governors and donors to a conference in Fort Lauderdale. Mike Pence, the former vice-president who stood up to Mr Trump and certified the electoral vote, has refused to regret that choice; he is endorsing competitors to Mr Trump’s own election-denialist candidates in some races. Mike Pompeo, Mr Trump’s secretary of state, has shed more than 40kg and has said that if he decides to run, he will do so “wholly independent” of anyone else’s choice.

But do not imagine that Mr Trump is fading away. “Half of Republican voters ready to leave Trump behind, poll finds”, read a recent headline in The New York Times about a survey it conducted. It is wiser to emphasise the darker view, that the glass remains half empty. The blind loyalty to Mr Trump of half the Republican base means that, the more Republican candidates choose to run, splitting his opposition, the better it will be for him. Betting markets are placing a higher probability on Mr Trump’s being the next Republican presidential nominee than on Mr Biden’s being the next Democratic one.

There are also alarming signs that the committee’s work is not reaching many Americans. Anyone who doubts the loyalty that millions of Americans feel for Mr Trump should attend one of his rallies. They are a chilling picture of how Trump would govern—“rule” would be a better word—if he regained the White House. At a recent event in Las Vegas he said he regretted allowing Democratic mayors to retain control of their cities. “I wouldn’t do that a second time,” he said. A day later in Anchorage, he left no doubt as to who the enemy was: “Despite great outside dangers, our biggest threat remains the evil people from within our country. We will fight for America like never before,” he said. “The tyrants we are fighting do not stand a chance.”

It’s like sitting in gridlocked summer traffic as a New York cab driver leans on his horn; you feel helpless, bludgeoned, you just want it to stop. But Mr Trump’s hostile rhetoric matters. His talk is dangerous regardless of what he does—dangerous if he does not run; more dangerous if he runs and loses again; most dangerous if he runs and wins. Had Mr Trump conceded defeat, however ungraciously, his path back to the White House would be wide open. His own broken psyche, and the work of the January 6th committee, have given his opponents in both parties a chance to stop him, and there is no more urgent political project.
14. In the first paragraph, the author …
15. We learn from paragraph two that …
16. The January 6th committee’s discoveries …
17. As for Donald Trump’s potential rivals for presidency, we learn that …
18. In the context of Donald Trump’s shrinking electorate, it is now advisable to …
19. According to paragraph six, if Donald Trump won the next term in office, he would …
20. In the last paragraph, the author …